Chickenpox Transmission Methods
Chickenpox is a very common and highly contagious disease that is often called one of the classic children’s diseases, because so many people contract it during their childhood. Rare but serious complications can be caused by the disease that require immediate medical attention. The best method for avoiding chickenpox is to receive a chickenpox immunization. The most common chickenpox symptoms are fever, headache, stomach ache, and loss of appetite, followed by an itchy rash of blisters, generally lasting for 2 to 4 days. The cause of chicken pox is the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Another name for this virus is human herpes virus 3 (HHV-3), a member of the herpes family that causes herpes zoster, also known as shingles, in adults. Chickenpox is highly contagious, and the chickenpox virus can be transmitted by numerous methods including airborne transmission, direct contact, and droplet transmission.
Some children who have received the varicella vaccination may develop a slight case of chickenpox as subsequent to the vaccination. However, these children usually contract much milder symptoms, develop only a few dozen chickenpox blisters, and recover far more rapidly than unvaccinated chickenpox sufferers. However, these mild, post-vaccination cases of chickenpox are still highly contagious. In a person is infected with chickenpox, the symptoms and blisters usually manifest between 10 and 21 days following exposure. However, people are contagious 1 to 2 days before the rash and blisters emerge and remain contagious while any un-crusted blisters are present.
After you have contracted chickenpox, the virus normally remains in your body for your lifetime, being kept under control by your immune system. Approximately 10% of adults may contract shingles which is also caused by the chickenpox virus. This happens when the varicella virus overcomes the immune system and becomes active during periods of stress. This particularly affects older people, later in life.
The most common chickenpox sufferers are children under 10 years old. In these children, the disease is usually presents mild symptoms, however, in very rare case, serious complications can develop. Adults and older children usually develop more severe cases of chickenpox. Due to the immunity they receive from their mothers, children under one year of age, whose mothers have previously had chickenpox or have previously received the chickenpox vaccination, are unlikely to contract the disease. If they do contract chickenpox, it is normally a very mild case. However, for children under one year of age whose mothers have not had chickenpox or have not been vaccinated for chickenpox, or whose inborn immunity has already waned, a severe case of the chickenpox can develop. Normally, children will develop 250-500 blisters during the course of the chickenpox, however, children afflicted with additional skin problems, such as eczema or recent sunburn, may get more than 1,500 chickenpox blisters.
Rare but serious and severe complications are more common in those with weakened or compromised immune systems from things such as medicines, disease, or treatments like chemotherapy. Some of the most severe cases of chickenpox have been observed in children who have been administered steroids, such as in the treatment of asthma, prior to developing symptoms, during the disease’s incubation period.
David Davis
http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/chickenpox-transmission-methods-86191.html
Take the 700R4 Transmission For a Test Drive
Are you looking for a transmission that’s going to give you the power and thunder you’ve been looking for without having to sacrifice any of the gas mileage you’ve come to expect from your car? If you’re restoring or rebuilding your vehicle, take the 700R4 transmission for a test drive.
The 700R4 transmission is a great way to restore your muscle car or truck or convert your old 2-3 speed vehicle. Designed by Chevy, the 700R4 transmission can handle up to 650 horsepower and offers a high performance overdrive that makes it a pleasure to slip behind the wheel.
Even with the worst of this summer’s gas crisis behind us, gas mileage is still an invaluable feature in your vehicle. With the 700R4 transmission drivers have consistently reported a 40% improvement in their gas mileage when compared to a 3 speed automatic, and its ability to offer an overdrive option while still maintaining its incredible gas mileage makes it the perfect option for muscle car restoration.
Gas prices are still uncertain. The last thing you want to do is invest thousands of dollars and hundreds of hours of manpower in a muscle car that you’re not going to be able to afford to take out of the garage next summer. The 700R4 transmission can help make sure that doesn’t happen.
If you’re restoring or upgrading a car or truck, the drivetrain is going to be a major concern. (After all, if you’re restoring a car you obviously know your way around under the hood. Why would you settle for any less than the best?) With the 700R4 transmission you’ll not only save money in gas, you’ll have more power and the option of adding the converter lock-up. This unit is second to none when it comes to total performance, and with a 3.05 ratio in first gear(over 20% lower than most Chevy models out there) no other model can compare.
Are you restoring your vehicle with the intention of selling it for a profit when you’re done? If so, then the 700R4 transmission is just what you need. Incredibly popular among professional restoration companies, the 700R4 transmission actually raises the value of your vehicle because of its increased performance capability, making an older car purr like a dream and newer vehicles run more smoothly and with better gas mileage than ever before.
The best part? With the 700R4 transmission you can offer your car the best without having to break the bank. Most transmissions cost hundreds of dollars and never live up to the price tag. The 700R4 transmission was designed to be different in every way. Cost is only one of them.
The 700R4 transmission is a top of the line transmission with a mid-grade price tag-the perfect solution for anyone who’s restoring on a tight budget.
The 700R4 transmission is the best model out there for restoring your old car or truck, and its second to none when it comes to price and performance. Check it out for yourself.
Ray Subs
http://www.articlesbase.com/automotive-articles/take-the-700r4-transmission-for-a-test-drive-706014.html
What’s the difference between used transmission and rebuilt transmission?
I need to know is it better to buy a used transmission from junkyard or to buy rebuilt one?
Also which one is cheaper?
I’m talking about transmissions in general, not for a specific make.
used is just that been in the car for whatever number of miles and then taken to the junkyard.
rebuilt means just that it has new internals replaced in an old case the tranny is rebuilt and tested by a re-manufacturer
used is cheaper with little or no warranty (30 days)
rebuilt have a warranty (1 year / lifetime)
The D-Drive Infinitely Variable Geared Transmission
This brain-bending invention could be the holy grail of transmission technology – it allows you to smoothly move through gear ratios from top gear all the way through neutral and into reverse without ever disengaging the engine. Plus, there’s no friction drive component, so the power is always transmitted through gear teeth – there’s never any slip or friction losses.
In fact, the D-Drive’s main difficulty is that it’s so hard to understand that people don’t really know what to do with it. So here’s a close-up look, which will hopefully get a few people thinking.
Read the complete article here: http://www.gizmag.com/steve-durnin-ddrive-d-drive-infinitely-variable-transmission-geared/15088/ and a follow up to the response here: http://www.gizmag.com/d-drive-redux/15120/
Duration : 0:9:50
Transmission Chains – Latest Swerve
WYKO, an ERIKS Company, has finally announced its latest transmission product with the introduction of the Fenner PLUS range of transmission chain and sprockets. The company is renowned all over the world for making effective products and also for delivering the ultimate combination of rugged construction, reliable and efficient performance and the value for money. It is this heritage and engineering experience that makes Fenner Power earns the benefits of several features to deliver exceptional performance in everyday applications and is distributed by WYKO.
The introduction of Fenner Plus transmission roller has been by far the most apparent initiative of the company. The solid rollers, manufactured to achieve an extremely high surface hardness, ensure high wear resistance. It is this feature of the transmission chains that guarantees performance of the chain in even the most hostile environments and also helps in the improvement in the life of the chain. Another attribute that helps to extend the life of the chain is the Shot peened plates. This process relieves the stresses that build up during manufacture and reduces the likelihood of tiredness failure in the field. To add further, the chain plates are punched progressively hole concentricity and accuracy of both diameter and pitch is maintained along the entire length of the chain. This successfully results in the quiet and accurate mesh with the sprockets, and eases pin extraction when splitting the chain. This quality helps retain the wax lubricant and results in the life of the chain being extended.
The chain pins on the other hand are specially hardened to ensure resistance to abrasion from dust and debris. This is maximized in order to minimize the stretch of the chain. Further, the chain is delivered pre tensioned. The initial stretch that is taken from the chain negates the need for re-tensioning of the drive and thus reduces ongoing maintenance costs. The wax lubricated chains can be run straight from the box, thanks to the debris that cannot adhere to this dry wax finish, the chain is protected against premature failure. The precision ground chain pins achieve a high grade surface area. It is this quality that helps the chain to retain the was lubricant and thus result in extending the life of the chain. The presence of 1900 Vickers Hardness in the connecting link pins also helps the chain in delivering a wear resistance that is unmatched in similar chains currently available.
Besides, a lubrication free version of the chain is also available. Made with sintered brushes that retain lubricant thereby negating external lubrication, this chain has an added benefit to operate at linear chain speeds of up to 2.5m/sec – more than twice the speed of a composite bush chain. In case of chain meshing with sprockets there is a slight difference in hardness value between the two to help reduce drive noise, as well as chain and sprocket wear. The company WYKO has successfully designed the Fenner Plus teeth to optimize performance when meshed with Fenner PLUS chain.
pvyas
http://www.articlesbase.com/automotive-articles/transmission-chains-latest-swerve-704427.html
What transmission did Chevrolet put in their 1989 1500 silverados?
I have an 89 silverado 1500 350 V8 5.7 liter and 3rd gear in the transmission went out. I did some research and I’m pretty sure the transmission is a th400, but I just wanted to make sure and find out if there is any other transmission that would fit my engine.
They put TH400 non OD transmissions and 700r4 overdrive transmissions in those………….md
Method of Proposal of Wireless Power Transmission System
Early Theories of Electromagnetic Propagation
In pre-World War I physics, scientists postulated a number of
theories to explain the propagation of electromagnetic energy through
the ether. There were three popular theories present in the literature
of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. They were:
1. Transmission through or along the Earth,
2. Propagation as a result of terrestrial resonances,
3. Coupling to the ionosphere using propagation through
electrified gases.
We shall concern our examination at this time to the latter two
theories as they were both used by Dr. Tesla at various times to
explain his system of wireless transmission of power. It should be
noted, however, that the first theory was supported by Fritz
Lowenstein, the first vice-president of the Institute of Radio
Engineers, a man who had the enviable experience of assisting Dr. Tesla
during the Colorado Springs experiments of 1899. Lowenstein presented
what came to be known as the “gliding wave” theory of electromagnetic
radiation and propagation during a lecture before the IRE in 1915.
(Fig. 1)
Dr. Tesla delivered lectures to the Franklin Institute at
Philadelphia, in February, 1983, and to the National Electric Light
Association in St. Louis, in March, 1983, concerning electromagnetic
wave propagation. The theory presented in those lectures proposed that
the Earth could be considered as a conducting sphere and that it could
support a large electrical charge. Dr. Tesla proposed to disturb the
charge distribution on the surface of the Earth and record the period
of the resulting oscillations as the charge returned to its state of
equilibrium. The problem of a single charged sphere had been analyzed
at that time by J.J. Thompson and A.G. Webster in a treatise entitled
“The Spherical Oscillator.” This was the beginning of an examination
of what we may call the science of terrestrial resonances, culminating
in the 1950’s and 60’s with the engineering of VLF radio systems and
Š the research and discoveries of W.O. Schumann and J.R. Waite.
The second method of energy propagation proposed by Dr. Tesla was
that of the propagation of electrical energy through electrified gases.
Dr. Tesla experimented with the use of high frequency RF currents to
examine the properties of gases over a wide range of pressures. It was
determined by Dr. Tesla that air under a partial vacuum could conduct
high frequency electrical currents as well or better than copper wires.
If a transmitter could be elevated to a level where the air pressure
was on the order of 75 to 130 millimeters in pressure and an excitation
of megavolts was applied, it was theorized that;
“…the air will serve as a conductor for the current produced, and
the latter will be transmitted through the air with, it may be, even
less resistance than through an ordinary copper wire”.2 (Fig. 2)
Resonating Planet Earth
Dr. James T. Corum and Kenneth L. Corum, in chapter two of their soon
to be published book, A Tesla Primer, point out a number of statements
made by Dr. Tesla which indicate that he was using resonator fields and
transmission line modes.
1. When he speaks of tuning his apparatus until Hertzian radiations
have been eliminated, he is referring to using ELF vibrations: “…the
Hertzian effect has gradually been reduced through the lowering of
frequency.”3
2. “…the energy received does not diminish with the square of the
distance, as it should, since the Hertzian radiation propagates in a
hemisphere.”3
3. He apparently detected resonator or standing wave modes: “…my
discovery of the wonderful law governing the movement of electricity
through the globe…the projection of the wavelengths (measured along
the surface) on the earth’s diameter or axis of symmetry…are all
equal.”3
4. “We are living on a conducting globe surrounded by a thin layer of
insulating air, above which is a rarefied and conducting
atmosphere…The Hertz waves represent energy which is radiated and
unrecoverable. The current energy, on the other hand, is preserved and
can be recovered, theoretically at least, in its entirety.”4
As Dr. Corum points out, “The last sentence seems to indicate that
Tesla’s Colorado Springs experiments could be properly interpreted as
characteristic of a wave-guide probe in a cavity resonator.”5 This was
in fact what led Dr. Tesla to report a measurement which to this day is
not understood and has led many to erroneously assume that he was
dealing with faster than light velocities.
The Controversial Measurement;
It does not indicate faster than light velocity
The mathematical models and experimental data used by Schumann and
Waite to describe ELF transmission and propagation are complex and
beyond the scope of this paper. Dr. James F. Corum, Kenneth L. Corum
and Dr. A-Hamid Aidinejad have, however, in a series of papers
presented at the 1984 Tesla Centennial Symposium and the 1986
International Tesla Symposium, applied the experimental values obtained
by Dr. Tesla during his Colorado Springs experiments to the models and
equations used by Schumann and Waite. The results of this exercise
have proved that the Earth and the surrounding atmosphere can be used
as a cavity resonator for the wireless transmission of electrical
power. (Fig. 3)
Dr. Tesla reported that .08484 seconds was the time that a pulse
emitted from his laboratory took to propagate to the opposite side of
the planet and to return. From this statement many have assumed that
Š his transmissions exceeded the speed of light and many esoteric and
fallacious theories and publications have been generated. As Corum and
Aidinejad point out, in their 1986 paper, “The Transient Propagation of
ELF Pulses in the Earth Ionosphere Cavity”, this measurement represents
the coherence time of the Earth cavity resonator system. This is also
known to students of radar systems as a determination of the range
dependent parameter. The accompanying diagrams from Corum’s and
Aidinejad’s paper graphically illustrate the point. (Fig. 3 & Fig. 4)
We now turn to a description of the methods to be used to build, as
Dr. Tesla did in 1899, a cavity resonator for the wireless transmission
of electrical power.
PROJECT TESLA:
The Wireless Transmission of Electrical Energy Using Schumann Resonance
It has been proven that electrical energy can be propagated around
the world between the surface of the Earth and the ionosphere at
extreme low frequencies in what is known as the Schumann Cavity. The
Schumann cavity surrounds the Earth between ground level and extends
upward to a maximum 80 kilometers. Experiments to date have shown that
electromagnetic waves of extreme low frequencies in the range of 8 Hz,
the fundamental Schumann Resonance frequency, propagate with little
attenuation around the planet within the Schumann Cavity.
Knowing that a resonant cavity can be excited and that power can be
delivered to that cavity similar to the methods used in microwave ovens
for home use, it should be possible to resonate and deliver power via
the Schumann Cavity to any point on Earth. This will result in
practical wireless transmission of electrical power.
Background
Although it was not until 1954-1959 when experimental measurements
were made of the frequency that is propagated in the resonant cavity
surrounding the Earth, recent analysis shows that it was Nikola Tesla
who, in 1899, first noticed the existence of stationary waves in the
Schumann cavity. Tesla’s experimental measurements of the wave length
and frequency involved closely match Schumann’s theoretical
calculations. Some of these observations were made in 1899 while Tesla
was monitoring the electromagnetic radiations due to lightning
discharges in a thunderstorm which passed over his Colorado Springs
laboratory and then moved more than 200 miles eastward across the
plains. In his Colorado Springs Notes, Tesla noted that these
stationary waves “… can be produced with an oscillator,” and added in
parenthesis, “This is of immense importance.”6 The importance of his
observations is due to the support they lend to the prime objective of
the Colorado Springs laboratory. The intent of the experiments and the
laboratory Tesla had constructed was to prove that wireless
transmission of electrical power was possible.
Schumann Resonance is analogous to pushing a pendulum. The intent of
Project Tesla is to create pulses or electrical disturbances that would
travel in all directions around the Earth in the thin membrane of non-
conductive air between the ground and the ionosphere. The pulses or
waves would follow the surface of the Earth in all directions expanding
outward to the maximum circumference of the Earth and contracting
inward until meeting at a point opposite to that of the transmitter.
This point is called the anti-pode. The traveling waves would be
reflected back from the anti-pode to the transmitter to be reinforced
and sent out again.
Š
At the time of his measurements Tesla was experimenting with and
researching methods for “…power transmission and transmission of
intelligible messages to any point on the globe.” Although Tesla was
not able to commercially market a system to transmit power around the
globe, modern scientific theory and mathematical calculations support
his contention that the wireless propagation of electrical power is
possible and a feasible alternative to the extensive and costly grid of
electrical transmission lines used today for electrical power
distribution.
The Need for a Wireless System of Energy Transmission
A great concern has been voiced in recent years over the extensive
use of energy, the limited supply of resources, and the pollution of
the environment from the use of present energy conversion systems.
Electrical power accounts for much of the energy consumed. Much of this
power is wasted during transmission from power plant generators to the
consumer. The resistance of the wire used in the electrical grid
distribution system causes a loss of 26-30% of the energy generated.
This loss implies that our present system of electrical distribution is
only 70-74% efficient.
A system of power distribution with little or no loss would conserve
energy. It would reduce pollution and expenses resulting from the need
to generate power to overcome and compensate for losses in the present
grid system.
The proposed project would demonstrate a method of energy
distribution calculated to be 90-94% efficient. An electrical
distribution system, based on this method would eliminate the need for
an inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid of cables, towers,
and substations. The system would reduce the cost of electrical energy
used by the consumer and rid the landscape of wires, cables, and
transmission towers.
There are areas of the world where the need for electrical power
exists, yet there is no method for delivering power. Africa is in need
of power to run pumps to tap into the vast resources of water under the
Sahara Desert. Rural areas, such as those in China, require the
electrical power necessary to bring them into the 20th century and to
equal standing with western nations.
As first proposed by Buckminster Fuller, wireless transmission of
power would enable world wide distribution of off peak demand capacity.
This concept is based on the fact that some nations, especially the
United States, have the capacity to generate much more power than is
needed. This situation is accentuated at night. The greatest amount
of power used, the peak demand, is during the day. The extra power
available during the night could be sold to the side of the planet
where it is day time. Considering the huge capacity of power plants in
the United States, this system would provide a saleable product which
could do much to aid our balance of payments.
MARKET ANALYSIS
Of the 56 billion dollars spent for research by the the U.S
government in 1987, 64% was for military purposes, only 8% was spent on
energy related research. More efficient energy distribution systems
and sources are needed by both developed and under developed nations.
In regards to Project Tesla, the market for wireless power transmission
systems is enormous. It has the potential to become a multi-billion
dollar per year market.
Š
Market Size
The increasing demand for electrical energy in industrial nations is
well documented. If we include the demand of third world nations,
pushed by their increasing rate of growth, we could expect an even
faster rise in the demand for electrical power in the near future.
In 1971, nine industrialized nations, (with 25 percent of the world’s
population), used 690 million kilowatts, 76 percent of all power
generated. The rest of the world used only 218 million kilowatts. By
comparison, China generated only 17 million kilowatts and India
generated only 15 million kilowatts (less than two percent each).7 If
a conservative assumption was made that the three-quarters of the world
which is only using one-quarter of the current power production were to
eventually consume as much as the first quarter, then an additional 908
million kilowatts will be needed. The demand for electrical power will
continue to increase with the industrialization of the world.
Market Projections
The Energy Information Agency (EIA), based in Washington, D.C.,
reported the 1985 net generation of electric power to be 2,489 billion
kilowatt hours. At a conservative sale price of $.04 per kilowatt hour
that results in a yearly income of 100 billion dollars. The EIA also
reported that the 1985 capacity according to generator name plates to
be 656,118 million watts. This would result in a yearly output of
5,740 billion kilowatt hours at 100% utilization. What this means is
that we use only about 40% of the power we can generate (an excess
capability of 3,251 billion kilowatt hours).
Allowing for down time and maintenance and the fact that the night time
off peak load is available, it is possible that half of the excess
power generation capability could be utilized. If 1,625 billion
kilowatt hours were sold yearly at $.06/kilowatt, income would total
9.7 billion dollars.
Project Tesla: Objectives
The objectives of Project Tesla are divided into three areas of
investigation.
1. Demonstration that the Schumann Cavity can be resonated with an
open air, vertical dipole antenna;
2. Measurement of power insertion losses;
3. Measurement of power retrieval losses, locally and at a distance.
Methods
A full size, 51 foot diameter, air core, radio frequency resonating
coil and a unique 130 foot tower, insulated 30 feet above ground, have
been constructed and are operational at an elevation of approximately
11,000 feet. This system was originally built by Robert Golka in 1973-
1974 and used until 1982 by the United States Air Force at Wendover AFB
in Wendover, Utah. The USAF used the coil for simulating natural
lightning for testing and hardening fighter aircraft. The system has a
capacity of over 600 kilowatts. The coil, which is the largest part
of the system, has already been built, tested, and is operational.
A location at a high altitude is initially advantageous for reducing
atmospheric losses which work against an efficient coupling to the
Schumann Cavity. The high frequency, high voltage output of the coil
will be half wave rectified using a uniquely designed single electrode
X-ray tube. The X-ray tube will be used to charge a 130 ft. tall,
Š vertical tower which will function to provide a vertical current
moment. The mast is topped by a metal sphere 30 inches in diameter.
X-rays emitted from the tube will ionize the atmosphere between the
Tesla coil and the tower. This will result in a low resistance path
causing all discharges to flow from the coil to the tower. A
circulating current of 1,000 amperes in the system will create an
ionization and corona causing a large virtual electrical capacitance in
the medium surrounding the sphere. The total charge around the tower
will be in the range of between 200-600 coulombs. Discharging the
tower 7-8 times per second through a fixed or rotary spark gap will
create electrical disturbances, which will resonantly excite the
Schumann Cavity, and propagate around the entire Earth.
The propagated wave front will be reflected from the antipode back to
the transmitter site. The reflected wave will be reinforced and again
radiated when it returns to the transmitter. As a result, an
oscillation will be established and maintained in the Schumann Cavity.
The loss of power in the cavity has been estimated to be about 6% per
round trip. If the same amount of power is delivered to the cavity on
each cycle of oscillation of the transmitter, there will be a net
energy gain which will result in a net voltage, or amplitude increase.
This will result in reactive energy storage in the cavity. As long as
energy is delivered to the cavity, the process will continue until the
energy is removed by heating, lightning discharges, or as is proposed
by this project, loading by tuned circuits at distant locations for
power distribution.
The resonating cavity field will be detected by stations both in the
United States and overseas. These will be staffed by engineers and
scientists who have agreed to participate in the experiment.
Measurement of power insertion and retrieval losses will be made at
the transmitter site and at distant receiving locations. Equipment
constructed especially for measurement of low frequency electromagnetic
waves will be employed to measure the effectiveness of using the
Schumann Cavity as a means of electrical power distribution. The
detection equipment used by project personnel will consist of a pick up
coil and industry standard low noise, high gain operational amplifiers
and active band pass filters.
In addition to project detection there will be a record of the
experiment recorded by a network of monitoring stations that have been
set up specifically to monitor electromagnetic activity in the Schumann
Cavity.
Evaluation Procedure
The project will be evaluated by an analysis of the data provided by
local and distant measurement stations. The output of the transmitter
will produce a 7-8 Hz sine wave as a result of the discharges from the
antenna. The recordings made by distant stations will be time
synchronized to ensure that the data received is a result of the
operation of the transmitter.
Power insertion and retrieval losses will be analyzed after the
measurements taken during the transmission are recorded. Attenuation,
field strength, and cavity Q will be calculated using the equations
presented in Dr. Corum’s papers. These papers are noted in the
references. If recorded results indicate power can be efficiently
coupled into or transmitted in the Schumann Cavity, a second phase of
research involving power reception will be initiated.
Environmental Considerations
The extreme low frequencies (ELF), present in the environment have
several origins. The time varying magnetic fields produced as a result
of solar and lunar influences on ionospheric currents are on the order
of 30 nanoteslas. The largest time varying fields are those generated
by solar activity and thunderstorms. These magnetic fields reach a
maximum of 0.5 microteslas (uT) The magnetic fields produced as a
result of lightning discharges in the Schumann Cavity peak at 7, 14, 20
and 26 Hz. The magnetic flux densities associated with these resonant
frequencies vary from 0.25 to 3.6 picoteslas. per root hertz
(pT/Hz1/2).
Exposure to man made sources of ELF can be up to 1 billion (1000
million or 1 x 109) times stronger than that of naturally occurring
fields. Household appliances operated at 60 Hz can produce fields as
high as 2.5 mT. The field under a 765 kV, 60 Hz power line carrying 1
amp per phase is 15 uT. ELF antennae systems that are used for
submarine communication produce fields of 20 uT. Video display
terminals produce fields of 2 uT, 1,000,000 times the strength of the
Schumann Resonance frequencies.9
Project Tesla will use a 150 kw generator to excite the Schumann
cavity. Calculations predict that the field strength due to this
excitation at 7.8 Hz will be on the order of 46 picoteslas.
s.sankar
http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/method-of-proposal-of-wireless-power-transmission-system-685756.html
Is a manual transmission better than an automatic on a 1987 VW Vanagon and why?
I have heard that the biggest advantage to a manual over an automatic transmission is that when an automatic breaks, the transmission is very expensive to replace. I’m looking into buying a vanagon and one I’m interested in is an automatic with a rebuilt transmission and engine. Is there a reason I should be looking for a manual instead? I know it may get slightly worse gas mileage, but tell me how much worse. Thanks.
On the waterboxer engined Vanagons the largest problem is the engine; its true the automatic transmission is not as reliable as some other vehicles, but its ok. The three speed automatic downshifts quickly enough, but with only some 90 BHP, they just don’t accelerate very fast. The standard transmission makes the most use of the available horsepower (what little there is). The four speed manual also has fairly wide spacing of gear ratios, but that’s ok, you spend a lot of time in the hills driving in third gear; in the automatic version, you’d be over reving in second gear (manual over ride) or shifting back and forth between second gear and direct drive (3rd gear).
Drive the automatic in hilly areas at highway speeds to see if you can live with its very limited performance. Expect that 0 – 60 mph will be close to 20 seconds with an automatic, maybe 17 seconds with a stick (driven at the limits in the gears); this is very slow–even the 2004 Chevy Aveo with an automatic was about 11 seconds or so… you’ll need the manual transmission to shift often to a lower gear to get it rolling along…
My largest reservation on the vehicle isn’t the transmission: the waterboxer motor on the Vanagon has been known to overheat frequently, blow head gaskets and crack heads. Parts are getting harder to come by (especially good heads that are aren’t cracked or heavily pitted), and the cooling system has be in top shape to prevent overheating of the motor. Bleeding the cooling system is a majour pain in the rear, but if you don’t do it right, the engine will develop an air pocket and overheat for sure….
I would suggest either an air cooled Vanagon or the later Eurovans; the early Eurovans aren’t much more powerful, but have a lot more torque at a lower rpm than the waterboxer Vanagon motors so that they aren’t as sluggish in acceleration. On a Eurovan, get the automatic, the manual transmission was only offered for a couple of years and parts are extremely expensive for it.
Hope this helps, a car nut.
How much does it cost for a new transmission for a 1997 Jeep Cherokee?
I’m planning to change my Jeep Cherokee’s old transmission for a new one, well the transmission is still working good, but I can feel it like doesn’t have enough power. It’s an automatic transmission. Any suggestions? By the way the mileage of my engine is 150052 miles.
I don’t know if that have to do with that I think it does. I don’t know so much about mechanic cars, that’s why I need your help guys…Thanks a lot!!!
transmissions really don’t give the car its power, the engine is what will give you the power loss problems. but if it is the transmission you could have it rebuilt at aamco. they charge $999 to rebuild your transmission and you get a year warranty. but you may have an electronically controlled transmission, so the cost may be higher.(call them for details)
also, make sure that you (if you have not) change your oil, spark plugs (distributor and plugs possibly as well), air/fuel filters. and add some injector cleaner to your gas tank before you have any work done to the transmission. also, have the transmission flushed. this should cost less than $200 and will increase your cars performance. DO NOT GO TO MIDAS OR OTHER CHAIN MECHANICS. they overcharge 3 times over. go to a local small time mechanic with a good reputation.
Never Forget to Check Transmission Fluid
Of all of the necessary components needed to run a car, the transmission is by far one of the most important. It is where all of the gear shifting is done and this type of thing can be incredibly expensive to repair in the event that it becomes damaged. Transmission fluid needs to be checked regularly much the same way that oil needs to be. It is something that you don’t want to forget about if you want to keep your car in the best running condition possible. Checking the transmission fluid is a vital part of car maintenance.
Transmission fluid should be checked around every 25,000 miles or so. The fluid and the filter must be changed regularly so that they do not become dirty. To neglect this could lead to contaminants building up in the fluid and that is not going to be good. You should never mess around when it comes to your transmission.
Always pay attention to your car as you drive. When you get to know how it sounds when operating smoothly, you will know when something is wrong. If you know your car then a new or strange sound or feeling will not be missed by you. Pay attention so that you can assess any situations as they arise.
If you feel that it is necessary or you have a mechanic recommend it, you can always have your transmission fluid flushed out. This will help force out any dirt or grime that may be inside the fluid. Some mechanics recommend against a transmission flush so look into this before you make your choice so you can base it on information.
It’s not a good idea to let your vehicle sit for long periods of time. If it goes without proper service for too long there is a higher chance that you could have metal shavings or other problem items make their way inside. A transmission that is bogged down with metal and junk will need tremendous amounts of care to be in good running shape again.
When you check your transmission fluid, always have your vehicle parked on level ground so that you get the right fluid amount. An angle could throw that off a lot and it is not something that you can guess at. Leave the car idling as you check the fluid. This is one of those maintenance checks that require that the car be left on rather than turned off.
Pull out the transmission dipstick and check what the reading says. If it doesn’t quite reach the full line then it is low and needs to be topped up. Adding more transmission fluid is not really all that difficult but you must be careful not to add too much. If you do not feel comfortable doing this yourself, you can take it to your local mechanic to have it done. Before you add transmission fluid to your vehicle, make sure that it is the best possible one for your vehicle. Not every transmission is the same.
Levi Quinn
http://www.articlesbase.com/automotive-articles/never-forget-to-check-transmission-fluid-697201.html